Exposure to community violence and parenting behaviors: A meta-analytic review
This meta-analysis examines the association between exposure to community violence and parenting behaviors (i.e., positive parenting, harsh/neglectful parenting, parent–child relationship quality, and behavior control). A systematic search yielded 437 articles that measured community violence exposure before or at the time of parenting, assessed parenting, and were available in English. There were 342 effect sizes across parenting constructs: positive (k = 101; 68 studies), harsh/neglectful (k = 95; 60 studies), relationship quality (k = 68; 41 studies), and behavior control (k = 78; 51 studies), from 160 reports representing 147 distinct studies. Results of the three-level meta-analyses found small but significant effects between community violence and positive parenting (r = −.059, 95% CI [−.086, −.032]; 95% PI [−.268,.151]), harsh/neglectful parenting (r = .133, 95% CI [.100, .166]; 95% PI [−.107, .372]), parent–child relationship quality (r = −.106, 95% CI [−.145, −.067]; 95% PI [−.394, .182]), and behavior control (r = −.047, 95% CI [−.089, −.005]; 95% PI [−.331, .237]).